ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and oncotype DX estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 single gene scores in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Breast cancer immunogenicity as a spectrum: evolving concepts and therapeutic implications.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are established biomarkers in triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers; however, their clinical significance in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between TILs and Oncotype DX single gene scores for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2 in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 260 patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer who underwent surgery and Oncotype DX testing at Saitama Medical University International Medical Center between January 2022 and October 2024. TILs were evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides according to the International TILs Working Group 2014 guidelines, with high TILs defined as ≥10%. Associations between TILs, clinicopathological factors, and Oncotype DX single gene scores were examined using statistical analyses, including logistic regression. Additionally, publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were analyzed for validation. Results: High TIL levels were observed in 32 cases (12.3%). Tumors with high TILs showed significantly lower Oncotype DX single gene expression of ER (9.8 ± 1.9 vs. 10.5 ± 1.3, p < 0.01), PgR (6.3 ± 2.2 vs. 7.4 ± 1.8, p < 0.01), and HER2 (8.5 ± 0.7 vs. 9.2 ± 0.6, p < 0.001) compared with tumors with low TILs. Multivariate analysis identified node-negative status (odds ratio [OR]: 0.266; p = 0.0159) and lower HER2 single gene expression (OR: 0.293; p = 0.00144) as independent predictors of high TILs. TCGA analysis confirmed that lower HER2 mRNA expression was associated with increased chemokine gene expression. Discussion: In HR+/HER2- breast cancer, tumors with lower HER2 mRNA expression exhibit higher lymphocytic infiltration, suggesting the presence of a distinct immunologically active subset. Oncotype DX single gene scores, particularly HER2, may provide information beyond recurrence risk prediction and help identify patients who may benefit from immune-modulating therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.