Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41675219›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2026

Punicic acid ethyl ester, a superior absorption-enhancer over pomegranate seed oil, dramatically improves quercetin bioavailability

Yutong Ding, Jiayi Gong, Ping Yang, Zhengxi Zhao, Zhenglu Jiang, Xinru Yang, Meisha Xu, Xiaoqiang Guo, Yun Yan, Qian Yao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of pharmaceutics: X, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yutong DingKey Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Jiayi GongKey Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Ping YangSichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China.
Zhengxi ZhaoSchool of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21198, China.
Zhenglu JiangSichuan Engineering Research Center for Innovative Anti-infective Drug Development, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Xinru YangSichuan Engineering Research Center for Innovative Anti-infective Drug Development, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Meisha XuKey Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Xiaoqiang GuoSichuan Engineering Research Center for Innovative Anti-infective Drug Development, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Yun YanKey Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Qian YaoSichuan Engineering Research Center for Innovative Anti-infective Drug Development, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Low oral bioavailability remains a major challenge for drug delivery. Fatty acids (FAs) and vegetable oils have attracted great interest as absorption enhancers due to their excellent compatibility. However, the difference in absorption-enhancing efficiency of various FA chemical forms and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In vegetable oils, FAs are confined within rigid triglyceride structures, whereas free FAs or their monoesters possess flexible carbon chains. We hypothesize that such molecular flexibility facilitates stronger drug interactions, resulting in greater absorption-enhancing capacity for FAs or their monoesters compared with parent oils. To validate this, punicic acid (PA) was isolated from pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and converted into its ethyl ester (PAEE). Employing quercetin (QU) as the model drug and oleic acid (OA) as a control, we systematically evaluated the effect of PAEE, PSO, OA, and their nanoemulsions (NE) on QU physiochemical characteristics.

Indexed as

NanoemulsionsOleic acidOral absorptionPharmacokineticsPomegranate seed oilPunicic acidQuercetin

Identifiers

PMID41675219
PMCPMC12887365

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.