ArticleOphthalmology science2026
Sex Differences and Age Distributions in Invasive Treatments for Chalazion and Hordeolum in Japan: A 9-Year Nationwide Claims Study.
Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: To analyze nationwide trends and demographic patterns of invasive treatments for chalazion (ITC) and invasive treatments for hordeolum (ITH) in Japan. Design: A retrospective population-based cohort study. Participants: Patients undergoing ITC or ITH procedures from 2014 to 2022. Methods: Using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups Open Data Japan, we calculated annual numbers and rates of ITC and ITH per 100 000 person-years. Sex-stratified and age-stratified demographic peak patterns were analyzed, and annual trends were evaluated using linear and Poisson regression models. Main Outcome Measures: Procedure rates, demographic distributions, and annual trends of ITC and ITH. Results: A total of 1 104 078 procedures (ITC: 465 379; ITH: 638 699) were recorded over the 9-year study period. The annual average rates were 40.9 for ITC and 56.2 for ITH per 100 000 person-years. Sex differences were prominent in younger groups: the overall female-to-male ratio was 1.1:1 for ITC and 1.0:1 for ITH, with a greater female predominance in youth (ITC: 2.0 at age 15-19 years; ITH: 1.7 at age 20-24 years). Invasive treatments for chalazion showed bimodal peaks in males (age 15-19 years: 40.9 procedures per 100 000 person-years; age 35-39 years: 56.0) and females (age 15-19 years: 80.6; age 30-34 years: 68.0). Invasive treatments for hordeolum showed bimodal peaks in males (age 10-14 years: 82.9; age 35-39 years: 72.1) and females (age 10-14 years: 102.4; age 30-34 years: 78.3). Both age-adjusted rates declined annually across all age groups and both sexes ( Conclusions: This study reveals sex-related and age-related demographic patterns and an overall decline in invasive eyelid procedures over the past decade and provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of common eyelid diseases and surgical trends in Japan. Financial Disclosures: The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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