ArticleTranslational cancer research2026
Single-cell analysis reveals the prognostic role of immune escape in the colorectal cancer microenvironment.
Article in Translational cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant disease that poses a significant threat to human health; however, early diagnostic and treatment strategies for it remain limited. Immune evasion is a critical factor contributing to treatment failure in CRC. Various cell subtypes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) play essential roles in this process. However, there is currently a lack of a systematic and novel classification of immune evasion-related cell subtypes and an analysis of their dynamic interaction networks within the CRC TME. This study aims to explore a novel classification of immune evasion-related subtypes in CRC, elucidate their underlying mechanisms, and assess their value for immunotherapy and prognosis. Methods: This study investigates immune escape-related gene expression profiles utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which were subsequently validated through multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC) techniques. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering was employed to identify novel subtypes associated with immune escape. Additionally, CellChat and pseudotime analysis were utilized to explore intercellular interactions and differentiation pathways. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Single-Cell Regulatory Network Inference and Clustering (SCENIC), and immune checkpoint analyses were conducted to elucidate the functional characteristics of these novel subtypes. Furthermore, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to assess the response to immunotherapy and prognosis. Results: The expression profile of immune escape-related genes in the TME of CRC was initially plotted. This analysis identified 11 distinct types of immune escape-related cells in the TME, and confirmed that TGF-β Conclusions: Our findings enhance understanding of immune escape mechanisms in CRC, show how novel subtypes affect prognosis, and offer insights for new diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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