Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41674558›Full record

ReviewBioactive materials2026

Programmable next-generation supramolecular self-assembled materials as drug delivery systems.

Hongwei Fu, Weihao Gao, Yixuan Tang, Xiangli Liu, Mi Wang, Jichuan Zhang, Tianqi Liu, Jiaheng Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hongwei FuSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
Weihao GaoResearch Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
Yixuan TangResearch Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
Xiangli LiuResearch Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
Mi WangResearch Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
Jichuan ZhangResearch Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
Tianqi LiuSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
Jiaheng ZhangResearch Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Supramolecular self-assembly, driven by noncovalent interactions, serves as a fundamental principle for constructing complex functional systems (biological membranes, proteins, and DNA). Inspired by these natural paradigms, biomimetic self-assembly strategies have promoted the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs), including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and virus-like particles. While these nanomedicines are clinically established, they continue to face persistent challenges, including maintaining drug stability and activity, achieving targeted delivery, overcoming biological barriers, and ensuring efficient intracellular release. Overcoming these obstacles requires the rational design of next-generation drug delivery materials. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of supramolecular self-assembled materials (SAMs) is provided. It traces the development and self-assembly mechanisms of SAMs. It defines the characteristics of next-generation SAMs, centered on their programmability, and focuses on introducing the innovative design strategy guidelines for next-generation SAMs. These guidelines fully embody the high programmability, precise size/morphology control capabilities, and multifunctional properties of SAMs. Furthermore, it discusses the latest application progress of SAMs in treating various diseases, and emphasizes the future strategies and challenges of SAM-based DDSs, aiming to facilitate broader clinical applications and benefit human health.

Indexed as

Drug delivery systemsNanomedicinesProgrammabilitySelf-assembled materialsSupramolecular

Identifiers

PMID41674558
PMCPMC12887671

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.