ArticleThe journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research2026
Fetal Growth Outcomes in Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Managed Immediately After Diagnosis.
Article in The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Fetal Growth Outcomes in Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Managed Immediately After Diagnosis.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo evaluate fetal growth outcomes in gestational diabetes diagnosed before 20 weeks' gestation (E-GDM) following immediate intervention and to identify factors associated with abnormal fetal growth.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed singleton term pregnancies with E-GDM between 2016 and 2021 at two university hospitals in Japan: Keio University Hospital (KUH) and Yokohama City University Medical Center (YCUMC). Dietary management was initiated immediately after diagnosis in both hospitals. At KUH, all E-GDM women underwent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). At YCUMC, the indication for SMBG was determined based on pre-pregnancy weight, the number of abnormal values on the oral glucose tolerance test, and other glycemic biomarkers, including HbA1c and glycated albumin. Fetal growth outcomes, assessed as the proportions of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA), were evaluated in E-GDM receiving early management.
resultsAmong 509 pregnancies (190 at KUH and 319 at YCUMC), LGA and SGA were observed in 63 (12%) and 46 (9%), respectively. The proportion of LGA was not significantly associated with pre-pregnancy BMI (underweight, 9.6%; normal, 11%; overweight/obese, 16%: p = 0.20). In contrast, there was a significant difference in the proportion of SGA among the three groups (underweight, 19%; normal, 8.2%; overweight/obese, 7.2%: p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that pre-pregnancy underweight was significantly associated with SGA in comparison with pre-pregnancy normal weight.
conclusionsFetal growth outcomes in E-GDM receiving early intervention were comparable to that of uncomplicated Japanese pregnancies. Since pre-pregnancy underweight remained a risk factor of SGA, clinicians should pay attention to the development of SGA in lean women with E-GDM.
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