Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41673648›Full record

ReviewCancer cell international2026

Transforming growth factor-β and integrins: key players in EMT and breast cancer progression.

Prasanna Srinivasan Ramalingam, Muhammad Afzal, Manjunath Mirle Rekha, Samir Sahoo, Surya Nath Pandey, Chandana Maji, Kavita Goyal, Haider Ali, Sachin Kumar Singh, Gaurav Gupta and 3 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer cell international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Prasanna Srinivasan RamalingamProtein Engineering Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-2779
Muhammad AfzalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
Manjunath Mirle RekhaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Samir SahooDepartment of General Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Surya Nath PandeyDepartment of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Chandana MajiNoida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), 19 Knowledge Park 2, Greater Noida, India.
Kavita GoyalSharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Haider AliDepartment of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Sachin Kumar SinghSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.
Gaurav GuptaCentre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
Md Sadique HussainUttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
Janaki Ramaiah MekalaSchool of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India. janakiramaiah.m@vit.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-2819
Sivakumar ArumugamProtein Engineering Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Katpadi, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India. siva_kumar.a@vit.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-8834

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In advanced breast cancer, the integrin-TGF-β axis moves from a tumor-suppressive to a pro-metastatic state and is central to breast cancer metastasis. We review how integrins, especially αvβ3, αvβ6, and β1, serve as critical modulators of TGF-β signaling and play a key role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, angiogenesis, and ECM remodeling. In addition to activating latent TGFβ, these integrins also function as downstream effectors that fuel EMT and tumor progression through a feedback loop. Integrins function mechanistically to promote cytoskeletal reorganization, ECM degradation, and tumor cell motility, and TGF-β signaling influences integrin expression and activity. Targeting this axis is explored as a therapeutic approach to reduce metastasis and improve patient outcomes, and the potential of integrin inhibitors, TGFβ pathway blockers, and combination therapies are discussed. This review highlights the need for novel interventions to disrupt this axis by elucidating the interplay between integrins and TGF-β.

Indexed as

Breast cancerEMTInvasionMetastasisTMETransforming growth factor-β

Identifiers

PMID41673648
PMCPMC13014860

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.