Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41673134›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Increased and varied radiation during the Sun's encounters with cold clouds in the last 10 million years.

Merav Opher, Joe Giacalone, Abraham Loeb, Evan P Economo, Alan Cummings, Jennifer Middleton, Catherine Zucker, Jesse A Miller, Anna Nica, Maria Hatzaki

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Merav OpherAstronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. mopher@bu.edu.
Joe GiacaloneLunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Abraham LoebAstronomy Department, Harvard University, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Evan P EconomoDepartment of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Alan CummingsCalifornia institute of Technology, California, USA.
Jennifer MiddletonLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
Catherine ZuckerSmithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jesse A MillerAstronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Anna NicaAstronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Maria HatzakiNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24K01785Science Mission Directorate 80NSSC22M0164
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent research raises the possibility that 2-3 and 6-7 million years ago, the Sun encountered massive clouds that shrank the heliosphere -the solar cocoon protecting our solar system- exposing Earth to its interstellar environment, in agreement with geological evidence from

Identifiers

PMID41673134
PMCPMC12966331

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.