ArticleScience advances2026
Primate dexterous hand movements are controlled by functionally distinct premotoneuronal systems.
Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Common inputs to motor units are modulated by force profile and muscle length.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Recovery of Dexterous Motor Control via Non-Monosynaptic Corticospinal Pathways.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Autogenic spinal excitatory circuit ensures skilled hand movements in primates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dexterous hand movements are uniquely developed in primates and indispensable for their daily activities. Traditionally, they were thought to depend primarily on the evolutionarily "newer" direct corticomotoneuronal (CM) pathway. However, recent studies suggest that the "older" indirect corticospinal pathways, mediated by spinal premotor interneurons (PreM-INs), also contribute, highlighting the need to clarify their functional differences. Here, we recorded neuronal activity from PreM-INs and CM cells in macaques during a precision grip task to compare their roles in generating hand muscle activity. Our results show that PreM-INs exert stronger facilitation across a broader set of muscles, promoting synergistic coactivation, whereas CM cells provide more selective facilitation, enabling control of relatively individual muscles. Decomposition analysis further revealed that these systems correspond to different control modes-synergy-based and individual-based control-balancing stability and flexibility. These findings redefine our understanding of primate dexterous hand control as emerging from the cooperative integration of evolutionarily distinct premotoneuronal systems.
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