Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41671176›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Lipid nanoparticle GM-CSF replacement for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Liming Lian, Bora Jang, Sebastian G Huayamares, Avraham Shakked, Kara Gentry, Ryan Zenhausern, Afsane Radmand, Elisa Schrader Echeverri, Vaunita C Parihar, Ricardo C Guerrero-Ferreira and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Lipid nanoparticle GM-CSF replacement for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Liming Lian *Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0000-0002-4350-6744
Bora Jang *Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0000-0001-9698-3934
Sebastian G Huayamares *Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Avraham ShakkedWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Kara GentryWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0009-0009-4548-8285
Ryan ZenhausernWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0000-0002-2538-0033
Afsane RadmandPetit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.
Elisa Schrader EcheverriWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Vaunita C PariharCancer Tissue Pathology Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0009-0007-4993-9878
Ricardo C Guerrero-FerreiraRobert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0000-0002-3664-8277
Randi CalkinsWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Daryll VanoverWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Philip J SantangeloWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.
Hyejin KimWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0000-0002-7937-2733
James E DahlmanWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322.ORCID 0000-0001-7580-436X

Funding

Translation Accelerator CoreU19AI171421 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JEFFREY S GLENN · 2022 to 2026
$93.4M
HHS | NIH (NIH) U19AI171421
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) deficiency drives autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP), a disease characterized by impaired macrophage-mediated clearance of pulmonary surfactants. Clinical data suggest that inhaled recombinant GM-CSF reduces symptoms in aPAP patients, providing a rationale for mRNA-based GM-CSF replacement therapies. However, these require effective mRNA delivery after nebulization. Here, we report the iterative in vivo design of a lipid nanoparticle, named nebulized lung delivery 2 (NLD2), that efficiently delivers mRNA after nebulization. NLD2 carrying GM-CSF mRNA transfected alveolar macrophages in vivo, leading to interleukin-10 pathway activation and subsequent surfactant lipoprotein clearance. In a preclinical disease model of aPAP, GM-CSF mRNA delivery reduced surfactant protein thickness more than recombinant GM-CSF. These data support continued exploration of nebulized lipid nanoparticle therapies for aPAP.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorNanoparticlesPulmonary Alveolar ProteinosisAdministration, InhalationAnimalsHumansInterleukin-10LipidsLiposomesMacrophages, AlveolarMiceNebulizers and VaporizersRNA, MessengerGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorInterleukin-10Lipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesRNA, Messengerautoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosisGM-CSFLNPmRNAnebulization

Identifiers

PMID41671176
PMCPMC12913010

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.