Symmetry-driven spin splitting in altermagnets: an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy perspective.

Jiayu Liu, Xun Ma, Xinnuo Zhang, Wenchuan Jing, Zhengtai Liu, Dawei Shen

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Review in Nano convergence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Jiayu LiuShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Xun MaNational Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.

Xinnuo ZhangNational Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.

Wenchuan JingShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Zhengtai LiuShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.

Dawei ShenNational Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. dwshen@ustc.edu.cn.

Funding

Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation 2408085J003National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFA1406304National Key R&D Program of China 2024YFA1408103National Natural Science Foundation of China 11227902National Natural Science Foundation of China 12494593

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Altermagnetism arises from composite real-space and spin-space symmetries, combining zero net magnetization with pronounced momentum-dependent spin splitting. This review highlights the pivotal role of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)—along with its spin-resolved (SARPES) and circular-dichroism (CD-ARPES) variants, in directly visualizing the nonrelativistic band splitting and spin textures of altermagnets. Within the spin-group framework, we distinguish ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and altermagnetic orders and elucidate the symmetry origin of spin polarization. We then systematically review representative systems: the debated [Formula: see text]-wave prototype RuO2, layered [Formula: see text]-wave altermagnets KV2Se2O and Rb1−δ V2Te2O, and a series of [Formula: see text]-wave compounds, including MnTe (domain-tunable) and CrSb (topological), together with the noncoplanar antiferromagnet MnTe2 and other emerging and prospective candidates and platforms. Overall, ARPES has become a key microscope for resolving symmetry-driven spin splitting. Future advances in micro/nano-beam and in-situ spectroscopies, combined with strain and domain engineering, heterostructure design, and the exploration of broader unconventional magnetic states, are expected to drive the joint evolution of altermagnetism and photoemission spectroscopy, paving the way for spintronic and correlated quantum research.

Indexed as

AltermagnetismARPESNon-relativistic band splittingSymmetry

Identifiers

PMID41670773

DOI10.1186/s40580-026-00536-2

PMCPMC12894586

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