Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41670658›Full record

ArticleMedical molecular morphology2026

Comprehensive analysis of DNA repair, morphological remodeling and immune-gene expression in patient-derived biliary tract carcinoma organoids following ionizing radiation.

Ken Okuda, Shunji Haruna, Toshihide Muramatsu, Kohei Tateno, Mayu Isono, Kunihiro Miyazaki, Takahiro Oike, Haruka Okami, Takehiko Yokobori, Keiji Suzuki and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medical molecular morphology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ken OkudaDivision of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
Shunji HarunaDivision of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
Toshihide MuramatsuDivision of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
Kohei TatenoDivision of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
Mayu IsonoDivision of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
Kunihiro MiyazakiDivision of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
Takahiro OikeDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
Haruka OkamiDivision of Gene Therapy Science, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
Takehiko YokoboriDivision of Gene Therapy Science, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
Keiji SuzukiDepartment of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
Kensuke OtsukaBiology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan.
Akiko TakahashiDivision of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshimasa SaitoDivision of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan. ysaito@keio.jp.
Atsushi ShibataDivision of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan. shibata.at@keio.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8912-6977

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis. Current molecular targeted therapies benefit only a limited subset of patients, underscoring the need for novel approaches, such as combining DNA-damaging chemoradiotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Although cellular responses following chemoradiotherapy-induced DNA damage are essential, they remain poorly understood in the context of three-dimensional tumor structures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation, a DNA-damaging cancer therapy, on patient-derived BTC organoids. DNA repair and gene expression regulation was integrally examined by immunofluorescence and RNA-Seq analysis following 10 Gy of X-rays. X-ray irradiation caused significant morphological changes. In addition, X-ray irradiation upregulated extracellular matrix-related gene expression as revealed by RNA sequencing. DNA damage response analysis indicated that non-homologous end joining was the primary repair pathway in patient-derived BTC organoids. Moreover, X-ray irradiation activated immune-related pathways, such as cGAS/STING, RIG-I/MDA-5, and JAK/STAT, suggesting potential immune activation following radiotherapy. Our study revealed that DNA damage response altered the tumor structure and modulated the expression of multiple genes, including extracellular matrix- and immune-related genes. Studies using in vitro organoid models can be useful for investigating three-dimensional cellular responses after DNA-damaging cancer therapies, such as chemoradiotherapy.

Indexed as

Biliary Tract NeoplasmsDNA RepairGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticOrganoidsDNA DamageHumansRadiation, IonizingX-RaysBiliary tract carcinomaDNA double-strand break repairInflammatory responsesMorphological changeOrganoid

Identifiers

PMID41670658

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.