Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41670223›Full record

ArticleParasite (Paris, France)2026

Fasciolosis, a foodborne zoonotic trematode infection in cattle in Bangladesh: multifaceted validation of parthenogenecity and anthelmintic efficacy.

Haydar Ali, Shahadat Hossain, Sharmin Shahid Labony, Aminul Islam, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Anita Rani Dey, Mahmudul Alam, Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan, Abdul Alim, Anisuzzaman

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In one paragraph

Article in Parasite (Paris, France), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Haydar AliDepartment of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh - Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh.
Shahadat HossainDepartment of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-6176-1036
Sharmin Shahid LabonyDepartment of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Aminul IslamDepartment of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Mehedi HasanDepartment of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Anita Rani DeyDepartment of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Mahmudul AlamDepartment of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Abu Hadi Noor Ali KhanDepartment of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Abdul AlimDepartment of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
AnisuzzamanDepartment of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-7350-3093

Funding

Krishi Gobeshona Foundation TF-102-L/21
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parthenogenic Fasciola (Trematoda: Fasciolidae) flukes have been developed by the hybridization of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. They are aspermic (asF) but capable of clonal expansion through parthenogenesis and are spreading rapidly throughout the globe. Here, we unambiguously prove the occurrence of parthenogenic Fasciola in cattle in Bangladesh, along with their ex vivo culture protocol and anthelmintic efficacy. By employing multiple conventional and molecular tools, we confirmed the presence of both the spermic F. gigantica (sFg) (31.7%; 814/2575) and asF (68.3%; 1761/2575) in Bangladesh. Both the adult sFg and asF survived well in DMEM supplemented with 20% bovine serum and 20% bovine bile. Using a DMEM-based ex vivo culture protocol, we found that nitroxynil (NTX) and oxyclozanide (OCZ) efficiently killed both sFg and asFg in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, triclabendazole (TCBZ) and clorsulon (CRL) killed neither sFg nor asF. Also, praziquantel, albendazole, and levamisole did not affect the viability of the flukes. We found that all TCBZ survivors had more than one mutation, both in nucleotides (G440A, G643A, and G788A) and amino acids (R147K, E215K, and R263K) of the binding pocket of carboxylesterase B (CestB), providing molecular evidence of TCBZ resistance in Fasciola. Taken together, asF constitutes more than two-thirds of the Fasciola population in Bangladesh. This study unambiguously proved the ineffectiveness of TCBZ against both asF and sFg circulating in Bangladesh. Therefore, only OCZ and NTX remain effective against fasciolosis, which thus poses ongoing public health risks of infection in humans with TCBZ-tolerant strains of fasciolosis.

Indexed as

AnthelminticsCattle DiseasesFasciolaFascioliasisParthenogenesisAnimalsBangladeshCattleDrug ResistanceFemaleNitroxinilSulfanilamidesTriclabendazoleZoonosesAnthelminticsclorsulonNitroxinilSulfanilamidesTriclabendazoleCarboxylesterase B mutationFasciola giganticaLiver flukeParthenogenic Fasciola

Identifiers

PMID41670223
PMCPMC12892867

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.