Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41669611›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

An

Yuke Ren, Zhi Lin, Shuangxing Li, Ruiqiu Zhang, Zixuan Lai, Hua Jiang, Zhe Qu, Guitao Huo, Di Zhang, Yanwei Yang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yuke Ren *National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Zhi Lin *National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Shuangxing LiNational Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Ruiqiu ZhangNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Zixuan LaiNational Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Hua JiangNational Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Zhe QuNational Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Guitao HuoNational Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Di ZhangNational Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Yanwei YangNational Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Quality control and Non-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cellular and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
Bo LiNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xingchao GengInstitute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies. However, it can also cause severe systemic toxicity, known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Therefore, the potential of CAR-T cells to cause toxicity Methods: CAR-T cells, macrophages, or immature dendritic cells (iDCs), along with tumor target cells, were co-cultured under different conditions. The release of CRS-related cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-6, was measured to simulate cytokine release during CAR-T-induced CRS. Additionally, the cellular source of the key CRS cytokine IL-6 was investigated. Results: A co-culture system containing only CAR-T cells and tumor cells failed to recapitulate the key feature of CRS, specifically a significant elevation of IL-6. However, when CAR-T cells were co-cultured with antigen-presenting cells (macrophages or iDCs) and tumor cells, the core CRS cytokine IL-6 was significantly elevated in an Conclusion: Macrophages and iDCs play a critical role in the development of CAR-T therapy-induced CRS. The triple-cell co-culture system, comprising CAR-T cells, macrophages or iDCs, and tumor cells, provides a viable

Indexed as

Antigen-Presenting CellsCytokine Release SyndromeCytokinesReceptors, Chimeric AntigenT-LymphocytesCell DeathCell LineCoculture TechniquesCytotoxicity, ImmunologicHumansMacrophagesCytokinesReceptors, Chimeric AntigenCAR-T cellsCRScytokine release syndromein vitro assaynon-clinical safety evaluation

Identifiers

PMID41669611
PMCPMC12883732

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.