Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41668961›Full record

ArticleBiology of sport2026

Pupil dynamics reveal preparatory processes in the generation of pro-saccades and anti-saccades in open skill sports athletes.

Jui-Tai Chen, Yi-Hsuan Chang, Cesar Barquero, Chin-An Wang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biology of sport, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jui-Tai ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
Yi-Hsuan ChangInstitute of Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health Science and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Cesar BarqueroDepartment of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.
Chin-An WangDepartment of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated pupil dynamics to establish a physiological index of mental processes associated with executive functioning, enabling objective evaluation of cognitive load during training to improve understanding of cognitive control in sport-specific contexts. Using video-based eye-tracking, we examined pupil and saccade responses in athletes (N = 40) and non-athletes (N = 40) performing an interleaved prosaccade and anti-saccade task. In this task, participants were instructed prior to target appearance to either make a reflexive saccade toward the target (pro-saccade) or inhibit that response and generate a voluntary saccade in the opposite direction (anti-saccade). Larger pupil dilation prior to target onset was observed during anti-saccade compared to pro-saccade preparation (p < 0.001, ηp

Indexed as

Cognitive loadExecutive functionFrontal eye fieldPreparatory setPupil dilationSuperior colliculusVolitional control

Identifiers

PMID41668961
PMCPMC12884883

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.