ArticleNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2026
Temporal External Validation of the TWIST Prediction Tool for Time to Independent Walking after Stroke.
Article in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe TWIST tool uses clinical measures at 1 week post-stroke to predict whether patients will achieve independent walking by 4, 6, 9, 16 or 26 weeks post-stroke. TWIST was developed with 93 participants from 2 hospitals and was at least 83% accurate at all timepoints. Validation of TWIST is necessary before implementation into clinical practice.
objectiveThe study aimed to perform temporal external validation of the TWIST prediction tool in a single hospital site.
methodsAdults with stroke were recruited if they had new lower limb weakness and were unable to walk independently. A TWIST score out of 4 was calculated for each participant using age, knee extension strength and Berg Balance Test score at 1 week post-stroke. Discrimination and calibration of TWIST were calculated for each timepoint and the model was refined as required.
resultsThere were 89 participants in this validation cohort (43% women, median age 69 years, 56% moderate-severe stroke). Predictions were valid for most TWIST scores at most timepoints. The TWIST tool was too optimistic for participants with TWIST scores of 0 and 2 at 16 and 26 weeks, and a TWIST score of 3 at all timepoints. The TWIST tool and clinical interpretations were refined. Discrimination of the TWIST tool is good (C-statistic > 0.8) for all timepoints.
conclusionsTWIST is a temporally externally validated prediction tool that combines routine tests at 1-week post-stroke to predict the probability of an individual patient achieving independent walking by 4, 6, 9, 16 or 26 weeks post-stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.