Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41668586›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery2026

Genetically engineered M13 phage-mediated H9N2 DNA vaccine with enhanced mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice.

Xiaohua Wang, Zhi Zhao, Mingze Shi, Shangen Xu, Xin Zhou, Kai Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xiaohua WangZhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Biomass Resources Development and Utilization, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou, People's Republic of China.
Zhi ZhaoZhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Biomass Resources Development and Utilization, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou, People's Republic of China.
Mingze ShiZhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Biomass Resources Development and Utilization, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou, People's Republic of China.
Shangen XuZhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Biomass Resources Development and Utilization, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou, People's Republic of China.
Xin ZhouCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Kai ZhaoZhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Biomass Resources Development and Utilization, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems have long been used in DNA vaccines to enhance immunogenicity. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine delivery platform by combining

Indexed as

Bacteriophage M13Immunity, MucosalInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza VaccinesVaccines, DNAAnimalsChitosanCytokinesFemaleGenetic EngineeringMiceMice, Inbred BALB CNanoparticlesNanovaccinesChitosanCytokinesInfluenza VaccinesNanovaccinesVaccines, DNAgene delivery vehicleH9N2 avian influenza virusM13 phagenanovaccinequaternized chitosan nanoparticle

Identifiers

PMID41668586
PMCPMC12895868

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.