Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41668319›Full record

ArticleNephrology (Carlton, Vic.)2026

Five-Year Outcomes of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Longitudinal Population-Based Cohort in Western Australia.

Elizabeth Thomas, Kevin E K Chai, Crystal M Y Lee, Sean Randall, Melanie Epstein, Ashley Irish, Girish Dwivedi, Nick S R Lan, James H Boyd, Delia Hendrie and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Elizabeth ThomasSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-872X
Kevin E K ChaiSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1645-0922
Crystal M Y LeeSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Sean RandallSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Melanie EpsteinWA Country Health Services, Perth, Australia.
Ashley IrishWA Country Health Services, Perth, Australia.
Girish DwivediMedical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Nick S R LanMedical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-7314
James H BoydDepartment of Public Health, La-Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Delia HendrieSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Suzanne RobinsonSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Aron ChakeraMedical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3369-4187

Funding

Digital Health CRC DHCRC-0073
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo describe 5-year outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a large, population-based cohort in Western Australia, including rates of progression, regression, kidney failure and death.

backgroundCKD is a major public health challenge associated with increased morbidity and mortality, yet the natural history of early-stage disease in population settings remains poorly defined.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked pathology and hospital data for adults with incident CKD between 2006 and 2022. CKD stage was defined by two estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values ≥ 3 and < 12 months apart: mild (45-59), moderate (30-44) and severe (15-29) mL/min/1.73 m

resultsAmong 153 527 individuals with incident CKD during the study period (mean age 75.6 years, 52.6% women) 118 248 had mild, 58 323 moderate and 20 322 severe CKD. At 5 years, death occurred in 16.8% (mild), 26.7% (moderate) and 30.5% (severe); kidney failure occurred in 0.6%, 2.5% and 30.0%, respectively. CKD progression was more common than regression in mild (20.1% vs. 11.8%) and moderate (18.9% vs. 14.5%) disease. Albuminuria testing was recorded in < 35% of patients.

conclusionPeople with early-stage CKD face substantial risks of progression, kidney failure and death within 5 years. The low rate of albuminuria testing suggests missed opportunities for early identification of high-risk individuals and timely intervention. Enhancing CKD detection and monitoring in primary care may improve outcomes.

Indexed as

KidneyRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAgedAged, 80 and overDisease ProgressionFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansIncidenceKidney Failure, ChronicLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41668319
PMCPMC12891762

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.