Trial reportArthritis research & therapy2026
Establishing C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 as a novel imaging target in giant cell arteritis.
Trial report in Arthritis research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05604482 (Detection of Disease Activity in Giant Cell Arteritis Using CXCR4-PET/CT), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Detection of Disease Activity in Giant Cell Arteritis Using CXCR4-PET/CT
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- CXCR4-targeted PET/CT in early systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: a prospective proof-of-concept study of in vivo inflammatory activity.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPET imaging in giant cell arteritis (GCA) is crucial for diagnosis. New tracers such as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) enable to directly visualize inflammatory cells as they are expressed on leukocytes. We aimed to test the value of CXCR4-targeted PET in GCA.
methodsTen treatment-naïve patients with confirmed large-vessel GCA underwent both [18F]FDG and [68Ga]PentixaFor PET/CT scans within a median of two days, without any therapy in between. Thirteen arterial segments per patient were analyzed. Visual interpretation and quantitative target-to-background ratios (TBR; arterial SUVmax divided by superior vena cava SUVmean) were calculated, including per-patient mean TBRs. Five patients without clinical or diagnostic evidence of vasculitis served as Non-GCA controls. Flow cytometry was used to quantify CXCR4 expression on leukocyte subsets, reported as normalized median fluorescence intensity (NMFI).
resultsAll GCA patients showed positive scan findings on both [18F]FDG and [68Ga]PentixaFor PET/CT. Mean vascular TBRs were 2.43 ± 0.90 for FDG and 1.76 ± 0.76 for PentixaFor (P = 0.07), indicating similar large-vessel uptake. Segment-level analysis showed no significant differences in 10/13 vascular regions, although FDG uptake was higher in selected arteries. PentixaFor TBR was significantly lower in Non-GCA controls (1.15 ± 0.10 vs. 1.76 ± 0.76; P = 0.01), supporting its specificity for inflammation. Blood pool SUVmean did not differ, suggesting minimal signal spill-in. CXCR4 expression was highest on naïve T-helper cells and monocytes.
conclusionsCXCR4-targeted [68Ga]PentixaFor PET/CT provides an imaging pattern comparable to [18F]FDG PET/CT in untreated GCA and reliably differentiates between inflamed and non-inflamed vessels. These findings support CXCR4 PET as a promising, mechanistically grounded imaging approach that merits further evaluation in larger patient cohorts. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05604482. Registered 3 November 2022.
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