ArticleBMC surgery2026
Analysis of biliary pathogens and clinical characteristics in patients with biliary tract infections based on a history of biliary-enteric bypass: a single-center retrospective study.
Article in BMC surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBiliary‒enteric bypass surgery, while relieving obstruction, disrupts the anatomical barrier of the biliary system, predisposing patients to biliary infections. However, comprehensive comparative analyses of biliary pathogen profiles, inflammatory responses, antimicrobial resistance and clinical characteristics in patients with and without a history of this surgery are limited. This study aimed to compare these aspects and their impact on clinical characteristics between these two patient groups.
methodsA single-center retrospective study was conducted on 74 patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for biliary tract infections between October 2020 and May 2024. Patients were divided into biliary-enteric bypass (n = 32) and nonbypass (n = 42) groups on the basis of surgical history. Data on demographics, bile cultures, inflammatory markers, antibiotic use, and multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) were analysed.
resultsThe bypass group had a significantly higher bile culture positivity rate (78.1% vs. 45.2%, p < 0.01; adjusted OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.5–11.2), with a predominance of Escherichia coli (34.4%) and Enterococcus faecium (21.9%). The MDRO infection rate was markedly higher in the bypass group (46.9% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.01; adjusted OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2–9.1), accompanied by higher use of carbapenems (25.0% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.04). Preoperative inflammatory marker levels were significantly elevated in the bypass group (p < 0.01). Clinically, the bypass group experienced longer hospital stays (28.5 vs. 25.7 days, p = 0.04), a higher rate of treatment failure (31.3% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.04; adjusted OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), and higher total costs (8.9 vs. 7.6, p = 0.02) (ten thousand CNY).
conclusionA history of biliary-enteric bypass is associated with a distinct and more severe biliary infection profile characterized by higher rates of bacterial colonization, MDROs, intense systemic inflammation, increased carbapenem reliance, and poorer clinical outcomes, including longer hospitalization, higher treatment failure rates, and increased costs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.