Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
The effect of information and progressive relaxation exercises before the planned cesarean section on primigravida women's surgical fear, anxiety, pain and postpartum comfort: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06708585 (Effects of Planned Pre-Cesarean Information and Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Surgical Fear, Anxiety, Postpartum Comfort and Pain Levels of Primigravida Women), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Effects of Planned Pre-Cesarean Information and Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Surgical Fear, Anxiety, Postpartum Comfort and Pain Levels of Primigravida Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundElective cesarean section rates continue to rise worldwide, and women frequently experience preoperative fear and anxiety, which negatively affect perioperative outcomes, pain perception, and postpartum recovery. Non-pharmacological interventions such as relaxation exercises are increasingly encouraged to support maternal well-being and improve surgical outcomes.
aimThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Jacobson’s progressive relaxation exercise on primigravida women’s surgical fear, anxiety, postpartum comfort, and pain levels.
methodThis two-group parallel randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of 68 primigravida women, 34 in the experimental and control groups. Women in the experimental group were given information and two sessions of progressive relaxation exercise before cesarean surgery. The control group received routine institutional care. The State Anxiety Scale, Surgical Fear Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Postpartum Comfort Scale were used in data collection.
resultsWomen in the experimental group showed a significant reduction in preoperative state anxiety scores after the intervention (from 44.32 ± 2.78 to 31.02 ± 4.33), whereas anxiety scores increased in the control group (from 43.97 ± 4.40 to 48.38 ± 3.10), with a significant between-group difference (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 4.62). Similarly, total surgical fear scores decreased significantly in the experimental group (54.82 ± 3.64) compared with the control group (76.76 ± 3.65) after the intervention (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 6.02). Postoperative pain scores measured by the VAS were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (6.08 ± 0.62 vs. 6.55 ± 0.61; p = 0.002). In addition, postpartum comfort scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared with the control group (4.07 ± 0.36 vs. 3.12 ± 0.19; p < 0.001).
conclusionIt was determined that information and progressive relaxation exercise applications applied before cesarean surgery reduced preoperative fear and anxiety, reduced postoperative pain and increased postpartum comfort.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06708585. Registered retrospectively on 24 November 2024.
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