Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41667893›Full record

ReviewClinical drug investigation2026

Mazindol Immediate-Release/Sustained-Release (IR/SR): A 50-Year Legacy of Multifaceted Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Potential.

Eric Konofal, Isabelle Arnulf, Jean-Charles Bizot, Bruce C Corser, Bruno Figadère, Clete A Kushida, Jeffrey H Newcorn, Michel Lecendreux, Christelle Peyron, Michael J Thorpy and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical drug investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Eric KonofalPediatric Sleep Disorders Center, National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy-Rare Hypersomnias, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France. eric.konofal@aphp.fr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-0987
Isabelle ArnulfNational Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy-Rare Hypersomnias, Sleep Disorders Clinic, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
Jean-Charles BizotKey-Obs, 3 Allée du Bois Châtel, 45100, Orléans, France.
Bruce C CorserSleep Management Institute, 5288 Towne Square Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45236, USA.
Bruno FigadèreBioCIS, CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, 17 rue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France.
Clete A KushidaDivision of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Jeffrey H NewcornIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Michel LecendreuxPediatric Sleep Disorders Center, National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy-Rare Hypersomnias, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France.
Christelle PeyronSLEEP Team, Lyon Center for Neuroscience (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, University of Lyon 1, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69500, Bron, France.
Michael J ThorpyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
Sharon B WigalAVIDA Inc., 1601 Dove Street, Suite 205, Newport Beach, CA, 92660, USA.
Tim L WigalAVIDA Inc., 1601 Dove Street, Suite 205, Newport Beach, CA, 92660, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mazindol, an imidazo[2,1-a]-isoindole anorectic from the 1970s, has recently re-emerged as a candidate therapy for disorders of arousal and reward dysregulation, due to its unique multimodal receptor profile. Despite its 1999 withdrawal from US/EU markets, off-label narcolepsy efficacy spurred immediate-release/sustained-release (IR/SR) development. Clinical trials demonstrate mazindol IR/SR efficacy, reducing excessive daytime somnolence and cataplexy in narcolepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) severity symptomatology, with mild adverse events (e.g., dry mouth). Preclinical studies demonstrate potent monoamine transporter inhibition (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) with minimal dopamine release, reducing abuse liability compared with amphetamines. Novel interactions orexin-2, 5-HT

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityMazindolNarcolepsyAnimalsDelayed-Action PreparationsHumansDelayed-Action PreparationsMazindol

Identifiers

PMID41667893

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.