ArticleScientific reports2026
Techno economic and environmental evaluation of second life battery PV hybrid charging stations for sustainable e-mobility in tropical regions.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries for Circular Energy Systems: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Pathway to Affordable Grid-Connected Renewable Storage.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in tropical regions necessitates reliable, cost-effective, and low-carbon charging infrastructure. Solar-integrated charging stations (SICS) offer significant potential due to high solar irradiance; however, their large-scale deployment is constrained by solar intermittency and the high cost of conventional battery energy storage systems. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental evaluation of a second-life battery-photovoltaic (SLB-PV) hybrid EV charging station designed for tropical climates, using Malaysia as a representative case study. The proposed system, comprising a 15 kW photovoltaic array, 50 kWh second-life lithium-ion battery storage, and dual 22 kW AC chargers, is modeled using HOMER Pro for system optimization and MATLAB Simulink for dynamic and thermal performance analysis. Simulation results demonstrate a 40% reduction in the Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) compared to equivalent systems using new batteries, achieving an average renewable energy self-sufficiency ratio of 78%. The system offsets approximately 90-120 kWh/day of grid electricity, corresponding to an annual reduction of about 1.2 tons of CO₂-equivalent emissions per charging station, as confirmed through Monte Carlo-based lifecycle assessment. Experimental validation of repurposed CALB battery modules indicates stable degradation behavior, with only 3-4% capacity loss after 100 charge-discharge cycles, confirming their suitability for stationary applications. Sensitivity analysis further identifies battery State of Health and seasonal solar variability as critical factors influencing system reliability. Overall, the results establish SLB-PV hybrid charging stations as a technically robust, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable solution for advancing clean e-mobility and circular energy infrastructure in tropical regions.
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Registered trials
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