ArticleNature communications2026
Severe and widespread coral reef damage during the 2014-2017 Global Coral Bleaching Event.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing Symbiodiniaceae Functional Ecology Through a Trait-Based Framework.Ecology and evolution · 2026Review
- Predicting Coral Cover Trends From Local to Broad Spatial Scales.Global change biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Selective conservation of symbiont cell-surface glycans across generations in a vertically transmitting coral.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Trait-based signatures associated with persistence and thermal benefit in a genomically decayed coral probiotic.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Localized inshore warming, acidification, and elevated particulate organic matter across a coupled mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef ecosystem in La Parguera, Puerto Rico.Coral reefs (Online) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
179 authors.
C Mark EakinCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA. corals.and.climate@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5987-0858
Scott F HeronCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA. scott.heron@jcu.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-6978
Sean R ConnollyCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. ConnollyS@si.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-0859
Denise A DevottaCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
Gang LiuCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-6805
Erick F GeigerCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7545-7586
Jacqueline L De La CourCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-1502
Andrea M GomezGreater Atlantic Regional Office, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Gloucester, MA, USA.
William J SkirvingCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
Andrew H BairdCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-4077
Neal E CantinAustralian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-2479
Courtney S CouchCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-8765
Simon D DonnerInstitute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0600-7388
James GilmourAustralian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-6662
Manuel Gonzalez-RiveroAustralian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-584X
Mishal GudkaCORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya.
Hugo B HarrisonSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8831-0086
Gregor HodgsonAngelo King Center for Research & Environmental Management, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-8004
Ove Hoegh-GuldbergSchool of The Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-6713
Andrew S HoeyAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-5594
Mia O HoogenboomCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-6344
Terry P HughesAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-5063
Meaghan E JohnsonNational Parks of Eastern North Carolina, Manteo, NC, USA.
James T KerryAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
Tadashi KimuraPalau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau.
Jennifer MihalyReef Check Foundation, Westlake Village, CA, USA.
Aarón Israel Muñiz-CastilloLaboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-3558
David O OburaCORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-6649
Morgan S PratchettCollege of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1862-8459
Andrea Rivera-SosaLaboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
Claire L RossOceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3595-1469
Jennifer SteinFish and Wildlife Research Institute, Marathon, FL, USA.
Angus ThompsonAustralian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
Gergely TordaAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-3045
T Shay ViehmanNational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-665X
Cory S WalterInternational Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Mote Marine Laboratory, Summerland Key, FL, USA.
Shaun WilsonAustralian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-0948
Benjamin L MarshCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
Blake L SpadyCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-7805
Noel DyerOffice of Coast Survey, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-9055
Thomas C AdamMarine Science Institute, Moorea Coral Reef LTER, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Pedro AlcoladoInstituto de Oceanologia, Havana, Cuba.
Mahsa AlidoostsalimiSchool of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Parisa AlidoostsalimiDepartment of Marine Biology, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-9284
Lorenzo Alvarez-FilipBiodiversity and Reef Conservation Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-7238
Mariana Álvarez-NoriegaAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-6897
Jesús Ernesto Arias-GonzálezLaboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-710X
Keisha D BahrTexas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
Peter BarnesNingaloo Marine Park, Parks and Wildlife Service - Exmouth District, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Exmouth, WA, Australia.
José Enrique Barraza SandovalMinisterio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Dirección de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, San Salvador, El Salvador.
Julia K BaumDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-1612
Andrew G BaumanNational Coral Reef Institute, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA.
Maria BegerSchool of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Kathryn BerryFisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada.
Pia Bessell-BrowneCSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, Australia.
Lionel BigotEntropie (IRD, UR, CNRS, UNC, IFREMER), Labex CORAIL, IRD-University of La Réunion, Saint Denis Cedex 9, France.
Victor BonitoReef Explorer Fiji, Votua Village, Nadroga, Fiji.
Ole B BrodnickeOffshore Biodiversity and Ecology, DHI A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1487-692X
David BurdickUniversity of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao, GU, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-4437
Deron E BurkepileDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, & Marine Biology, Moorea Coral Reef LTER, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
April J BurtThe Seychelles Islands Foundation, Mont Fleuri, Mahe, VIC, Seychelles.
John A BurtMubadala ACCESS Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-6424
Ian R ButlerAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
Jamie M CaldwellHigh Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-918X
Yannick ChancerelleCentre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement/SNO Corail, Papetoai, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, France.
Chaolun Allen ChenBiodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Kah-Leng CherhTaiwan Environmental Information Association, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.
Michael J ChildressDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-635X
Darren J CokerRed Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-0984
Bryan CostaNational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Georgia CowardDepartment of Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group, Pago Pago, AS, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-9570
M James C CrabbeWolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-1963
Thomas DallisonBlue Pangolin Consulting Ltd, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-0220
Steven DaltonDepartment of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
Thomas M DeCarloDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3269-1320
Crawford DruryHawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8853-416X
Ian DrysdaleHealthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative, West End, Roatan, Honduras.
Clinton B EdwardsScripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Linda EggertsenHawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-2033
Eylem ElmaDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-1169
Rosmin S EnnisCenter for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA.
Richard D EvansOceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-4810
Gal EyalSchool of The Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-8653
Douglas FennerCoral Reef Consulting, Pago Pago, AS, USA.
Baruch Figueroa-ZavalaCentro Ecológico Akumal, Akumal, Mexico.
Jay FischRosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Michael D FoxRed Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-1025
Elena GadoutsisSave Our Seas Foundation - D'Arros Research Centre, Genève, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7925-1562
Antoine GilbertGinger-Soproner, BP3583, Nouméa cedex, New Caledonia, France.
Andrew R HalfordPacific Community (SPC), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France.
Tom HeintzGinger-Soproner, BP3583, Nouméa cedex, New Caledonia, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-3896
James HewlettFinger Lakes Community College, Canandaigua, NY, USA.
Jean-Paul A HobbsSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-354X
Whitney C HootGuam Coral Reef Initiative, Bureau of Statistics and Plans, Hagatna, Guam, USA.
Peter HoukUniversity of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao, GU, USA.
Lyza JohnstonJohnston Applied Marine Sciences, Saipan, CNMI, USA.
Michelle A JohnstonNOAA Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX, USA.
Hajime KayanneThe University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-095X
Emma V KennedyAustralian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-9740
Ruy Kenji Papa de KikuchiDepartment of Oceanography - Federal University of Bahia, RECOR - Coral Reefs and Global Change Lab, National Institute of Science and Technology for the Tropical Marine Environments (INCT AmbTropic), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-7491
Ulrike KloiberChumbe Island Coral Park, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Haruko KoikeFishery Solutions LLC, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
K Lindsey KramerState of Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA.
Chao-Yang KuoAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-5045
Judith LangAtlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA), Big Pine Key, FL, USA.
Alice LawrenceSchool of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK.
Abigail LeadbeaterBlue Ventures, The Old Library, Bristol, UK.
Zelinda M A N LeãoDepartment of Oceanography - Federal University of Bahia, RECOR - Coral Reefs and Global Change Lab, National Institute of Science and Technology for the Tropical Marine Environments (INCT AmbTropic), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Jen Nie LeeFaculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-5579
Cynthia LewisDepartment of Biology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-6893
Diego LirmanRosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Guilherme Ortigara LongoMarine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-7439
Chancey MacDonaldGlobal Science & Technology LLC, Greenbelt, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2557-0520
Jennie MallelaResearch School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Sangeeta MangubhaiTalanoa Consulting, Suva, Fiji.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4728-4421
Isabel Marques da SilvaLúrio University, Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-7636
Christophe Mason-ParkerMarine Conservation Society Seychelles, Mahé, Victoria, Seychelles.
Vanessa McDonoughBiscayne National Park, Homestead, FL, USA.
Melanie McFieldHealthy Reefs Initiative/Smithsonian Institution, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-4611
Thayná MelloMarine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-5643
Celine Miternique-AgatheReef Conservation, Pereybere, Cap Malheureux, Mauritius.
Mouchtadi MadiMoheli Marine Park, Nioumachoua, Comoros.
Stephan MoldzioGreen Corals, Rischauer Moor 1, Braunschweig, Germany.
Alison A MonroeDepartment of Life Sciences, Marine Genomics Laboratory, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9372-4889
Monica MontefalconeDiSTAV, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-1880
Kevin S MosesZoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Center, Chennai, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-9355
Pargol G MostafaviDepartment of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (I.A.U), Tehran, Iran.
Rodrigo Leão de MouraInstituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5597-6196
Chathurika S MunasingheDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Jelvas MwauraKenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0115-5592
Takashi NakamuraFaculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Jean-Benoit NicetMAREX Saint-Leu Reunion, Saint-Leu, France.
Marissa F NuttallNOAA Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX, USA.
Marilia D M OliveiraDepartment of Oceanography - Federal University of Bahia, RECOR - Coral Reefs and Global Change Lab, National Institute of Science and Technology for the Tropical Marine Environments (INCT AmbTropic), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-2893-5704
Hazel A OxenfordCERMES, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados.
John M PandolfiSchool of The Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-6694
Vardhan PatankarGVI Travel II Limited t/a GVI Experiences, Exeter, England.
Denise PerezThe Nature Conservancy Caribbean Division, San Juan, PR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-5394
Nishan PereraBlue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-1399
Derta PrabuningReef Check Indonesia Foundation, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
William PrechtCoastal and Marine Sciences, Bio-Tech Consulting, Miami, FL, USA.
K Diraviya RajSuganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-0912
James D ReimerFaculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-8804
Laura E RichardsonSchool of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-4011
Randi RotjanDepartment of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-9784
Nicole RyanAustralian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-5604
Rod SalmThe Nature Conservancy (Retired), Kailua, HI 96734; Science Advisory Board, Coral Triangle Center, Bali, Indonesia.
Stuart A SandinScripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-4492
Stephanie SchopmeyerFish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4717-465X
George ShedrawiPacific Community (SPC), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-7293
Mohammad Reza ShokriFaculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-093X
Jennifer E SmithScripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kylie SmithDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Struan R SmithNatural History Museum, Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo, Flatt's, Bermuda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-0015
Tyler B SmithCenter for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-6087
Brigitte SommerSchool of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0617-7790
Melina SotoHealthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0536-4113
Richard SuckooCoastal Zone Management Unit, Barbados, and University of the West Indies, Saint Michael, Barbados.
Helen SykesMarine Ecology Consulting, Suva, Fiji.
Kelley Anderson TagarinoUniversity of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Marianne TeohFauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK.
Minh Quang ThaiInstitute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-1021
Tai Chong TohTropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Alex TredinnickMISE Lab, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Alex TsoInstitute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Harriet TyleyCoral Cay Conservation, Tongham, Surrey, UK.
Ali M UssiState University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7338-0679
Bernardo Vargas-AngelNOAA Restoration Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
Christian Vaterlausmarinecultures.org, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Mark J A VermeijCarmabi Foundation/ University of Amsterdam, Willemstad, Curaçao.
Si Tuan VoInstitute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
Christian R VoolstraDepartment of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-3795
Hin Boo WeeCentre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0022-4058
Bradley A WeilerRosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Dana E WilliamsCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9660-5359
Saleh A S YahyaInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Thamasak YeeminMarine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Maren ZieglerDepartment of Holobiont Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9261
Derek P ManzelloCoral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-3041
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ocean warming is increasing the frequency, extent, and severity of tropical-coral bleaching and mortality. During 2014-2017, marine heatwaves caused the Third Global Coral Bleaching Event. We analyze data from 15,066 reef surveys globally during 2014-2017. Across all surveyed reefs, 80% and 35% experienced moderate or greater (affecting >10% of corals) bleaching and mortality, respectively. We assess the global extent of coral bleaching and mortality by applying bleaching response curves calibrated from surveyed reefs to predict bleaching globally, based on comprehensive remote-sensing of heat stress. These models predict that 51% and 15% of the world's coral reefs suffered moderate or greater bleaching and mortality, respectively, during one or multiple years, surpassing damage from any prior global coral bleaching event. Our findings demonstrate that the impacts of ocean warming on coral reefs are accelerating, with the near certainty that ongoing warming will cause large-scale, possibly irreversible, degradation of these essential ecosystems. With heat stress levels during this event surpassing those observed previously, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration developed more extreme Bleaching Alert levels that are now being used during the ongoing Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event.
Indexed as
AnthozoaCoral BleachingCoral ReefsAnimalsEcosystemGlobal WarmingHot TemperatureOceans and Seas
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.