Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41667403›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of sport science2026

National-Standard Middle-Distance Runners Maintain 1500 m Time Trial Running Performance on Successive Days.

Laurence P Birdsey, Steven Brown, Thomas Dos'Santos, Daniel Evans, Adam Runacres, Matthew Weston, Adam Field

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of sport science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Laurence P BirdseyDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-5856
Steven BrownDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0112-3251
Thomas Dos'SantosDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-0116
Daniel EvansDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7849-4966
Adam RunacresDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-2805
Matthew WestonDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-3004
Adam FieldDepartment of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-6182

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To examine how middle-distance athletes maintain self-paced time trial performance on successive days, 12 national-standard middle-distance specialists performed two self-paced 1500 m time trials on successive days. Following baseline assessment and familiarisation trials, participants (10 male, 2 female, mean age ± SD: 27 ± 7 years, mass: 66 ± 8 kg, height: 1.80 ± 0.08 m, season best 1500 m time: 243.9 ± 18.4 s) performed two 1500 m time trials separated by 24 h on an instrumented treadmill. Internal (respiratory exchange ratio; RER, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, session and differential ratings of perceived exertion) and external (speed and time) measures quantified exercise intensity. Step length and frequency were collected from integrated force transducers (1000 Hz). All variables were log transformed before analysis with mixed linear models. The uncertainty (90% confidence interval) of our between-trial differences (trial 2 vs. trial 1) for all measures other than peak and mean RER were equivalent to previously reported measurement errors. Additionally, athletes were ∼2.5 times more likely to perceive greater exertion for time trial two, but with considerable uncertainty around the estimates. National-standard middle-distance specialists maintain 1500 m time trial running performance on successive days without the use of any structured recovery interventions.

Indexed as

Athletic PerformanceRunningAdultAthletesExercise TestFemaleHeart RateHumansLactic AcidMaleOxygen ConsumptionPhysical ExertionYoung AdultLactic Acidathletesfatiguerecoveryrepeated performancetrack and field

Identifiers

PMID41667403
PMCPMC12890468

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.