Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41667177›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Protocol for a biomarker discovery study to identify correlates of risk for future tuberculosis disease progression in South African children (INTREPID).

Melissa Shea Hamilton, Iena P Derks, Myrsini Kaforou, Rory Dunbar, Ryan P McNamara, Sarah M Fortune, Robin Basu-Roy, Anneen van Deventer, Corne Bosch, Claire Dunican and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Melissa Shea HamiltonDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, England, UK s.hamilton@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-0253
Iena P DerksDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-5036
Myrsini KaforouDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, England, UK.
Rory DunbarDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ryan P McNamaraRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Brigham, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Sarah M FortuneRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Brigham, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Robin Basu-RoyCentre for Genomics and Child Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Anneen van DeventerDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
Corne BoschDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
Claire DunicanDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, England, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5835-263X
Marieke M van der ZalmDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-9139
Michael LevinDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, England, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-6919
H Simon SchaafDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5755-4133
John A AltinTranslational Genomics Research Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Anneke C HesselingDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
James A SeddonDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, England, UK.

Funding

Identifying correlates of risk for future tuberculosis disease progression in children (INTREPID)R01AI175235 · NIAID · STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY · PI James Alexander Seddon · 2023 to 2026
$3.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI175235
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionYoung children and children living with HIV are at high risk of progressing to tuberculosis (TB) disease following METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The INTREPID study will use already collected samples taken from well-phenotyped paediatric cohorts in three clinical studies conducted in South Africa in children <5 years, including a drug-resistant TPT trial (TB-CHAMP), an observational household contact study (interferon-gamma release assay studies) and a prospective diagnostic study (Umoya), all conducted in a setting with a high burden of TB and HIV. We will employ transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and serology approaches to analyse changes in host blood profiles at every stage along the TB continuum, from ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol received ethical approval from the Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committee (N23/03/025). The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, scientific conferences and formal presentations to healthcare professionals and to local communities, in collaboration with the Desmond Tutu TB Centre Community Advisory Board.

Indexed as

BiomarkersHIV InfectionsTuberculosisAntitubercular AgentsChild, PreschoolDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansInfantMycobacterium tuberculosisProspective StudiesResearch DesignSouth AfricaAntitubercular AgentsBiomarkersChildLung DiseasesMolecular diagnosticsPaediatric infectious disease & immunisationTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41667177
PMCPMC12911804

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.