Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41667124›Full record

ArticleJMIR AI2026

Evaluating Large Language Model-Generated Clinical Summaries Through a Dual-Perspective Framework: Retrospective Observational Study.

Brian Han, Traci Barnes, Charitha D Reddy, Andrew Y Shin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR AI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Brian HanDivision of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9713-988X
Traci BarnesDivision of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7417-5183
Charitha D ReddyDivision of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-1272
Andrew Y ShinDivision of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6713-0609

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used by patients and families to interpret complex medical documentation, yet most evaluations focus only on clinician-judged accuracy. In this study, 50 pediatric cardiac intensive care unit notes were summarized using GPT-4o mini and reviewed by both physicians and parents, who rated readability, clinical fidelity, and helpfulness. There were important discrepancies between parents and clinicians in the realm of helpfulness, along with important insights by clinicians assessing clinical accuracy and parents assessing readability. This study highlights the need for dual-perspective frameworks that balance clinical precision with patient understanding.

Indexed as

artificial intelligenceclinical informaticslarge language modelspatient advocacypediatric cardiology

Identifiers

PMID41667124
PMCPMC12933168

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.