ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026
Conjugates of α-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp for the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Glycocalyx-Driven Immunomodulation in Trypanosoma cruzi: Structures, Host Responses, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targeting.Parasite immunology · 2026Review
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundChagas disease (ChD), caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a lifelong, neglected tropical disease with substantial medical and socioeconomic impact. Despite this situation, currently available diagnostic and therapeutic methods display serious limitations. A promising strategy to improve ChD serodiagnosis involves targeting parasite carbohydrate antigens, particularly the α-galactosyl-rich mucins that coat the surface of bloodstream trypomastigotes (tGPI-mucins). METHODS/PRINCIPLE
findingsHere, we present a concise and efficient protocol for the chemical synthesis of a tGPI-mucin-derived glycotope, the disaccharide α-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galp, and its functional conjugation to different scaffolds using the squarate method. A neoglycoprotein made upon a bovine serum albumin (BSA) carrier decorated with ∼38 units of the disaccharide, termed BSA-Di, was interrogated with sera of chronic ChD patients and healthy individuals from Argentina using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BSA-Di exhibited excellent sensitivity and effectively discriminated between ChD-positive and negative sera with high accuracy (AUC = 0.905), though its specificity was partially affected by cross-reactivity of some non-ChD sera containing natural α-Gal antibodies. Conjugation of α-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galp to T. cruzi antigenic peptides, instead of BSA, corroborated these findings and enabled the generation of bivalent ChD diagnostic reagents combining glycan- and peptide-based epitopes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, our results identify α-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galp as a robust and reliable biomarker of T. cruzi infection. The methodologies and tools described here, together with optimized derivatives, are expected to positively impact ChD serological applications.
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