ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Children born SGA receiving growth hormone have similarly impaired glucose-insulin metabolism as children with obesity.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distinct From the Adult Paradigm: Re-Evaluate the Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Framework in Children and Adolescent Hyperlipidaemia.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Intergenerational Effects of Maternal Stressful Life Events Before Pregnancy on Offspring Growth: A Lifecourse Approach from a Prospective Cohort.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) and growth hormone (GH) treatment are linked to disturbed glucose-insulin metabolism.
objectiveWe investigated how GH treatment affects glucose-insulin metabolism in children born SGA compared to children with isolated growth hormone deficiency (iGHD), obesity and lean controls.
methodsWe analyzed glucose-insulin metabolism indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (Matsuda index, AUC insulin) and fasting parameters (fasting glucose, HOMA-IR) in 134 SGA patients without catch-up growth (CUG) receiving GH therapy (SGA-GHT), 27 untreated SGA patients with catch-up growth (SGA-CUG), 308 iGHD patients under GH treatment, 427 children with obesity, and 356 lean controls. We adjusted for sex, age, and BMI through matching and multivariable regression.
resultsTreatment-naïve SGA-GHT patients were more insulin-resistant than iGHD patients (higher insulin AUC [P = .002] and HOMA-IR [P < .001], lower Matsuda index [P < .001]) with levels approaching those of the obesity cohort. Under GH therapy, HbA1c was higher in SGA-GHT and iGHD patients (5.26% ± 0.35 vs 5.25% ± 0.25) than in lean controls (5.09% ± 0.27). Insulin resistance in SGA-GHT patients approached levels seen in obesity. Prediabetes prevalence was highest in SGA-GHT children (11.11%) compared to those with iGHD (1.59%) or obesity (3.13%). After stopping GH therapy, SGA-GHT patients retained elevated markers of prediabetes (4.65%) and insulin resistance compared to controls and iGHD patients, similar to children with obesity (6.38%). No overt type 2 diabetes was observed.
conclusionSGA patients have an impaired glucose-insulin metabolism similar to that of children with obesity, which worsens under GH therapy. Close metabolic monitoring of GH-treated SGA patients is recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.