ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2026
Rurality, risk factors, and stage at diagnosis in head and neck cancer: insights from a Spanish hospital.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRural residence has been linked to disparities in cancer risk factors, access to care, and outcomes. In countries with universal healthcare such as Spain, the impact of rurality on head and neck cancer remains poorly characterized.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 1042 patients discussed at the Head and Neck Tumor Board of a tertiary hospital in Málaga, Spain (2019-2023). Demographic, clinical, and behavioral variables were collected. Rurality was defined according to Spanish legislation (population < 30,000 and density < 100 inhabitants/km
resultsRural patients had a higher prevalence of tobacco use (74.8% vs. 66.3%, p = 0.0074) and more severe smoking patterns, especially among men. Advanced-stage tumors were slightly more frequent in rural patients (64.5% vs. 60.6%) without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.6097). No associations were found between rurality and alcohol use, HPV status, or tumor site, while EBV positivity was more frequent in urban patients (p = 0.0235).
conclusionsRural residence was associated with significantly higher tobacco use but not with advanced disease stage at diagnosis. These findings highlight rurality as a social determinant of health and support the need for targeted public health strategies to reduce cancer-related disparities in rural populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41665759What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.