Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41665662›Full record

Observational studyJournal of anesthesia2026

Study on EEG neural oscillation characteristics during ciprofol general anesthesia.

Jiaxi Zhu, Quanxin Zhang, Xingan Zhang, Ying Cao, Shuteng Zhan, Zhenhu Liang, Bo Xu

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of anesthesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jiaxi Zhu *The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai South Rd, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
Quanxin Zhang *School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
Xingan ZhangDepartment of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, 111 Liuhua Rd, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China.
Ying CaoDepartment of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, 111 Liuhua Rd, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China.
Shuteng ZhanThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai South Rd, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
Zhenhu LiangSchool of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China. zhl@ysu.edu.cn.
Bo XuThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai South Rd, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. xubo333@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-0575

Funding

he National Key Technology Research and Development Program BLB24J009the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong province of China 2021B0101410005the National Natural Science Foundation of China 62471428the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82472110the Science and Technology program of Guangzhou 2024A03J0698
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCiprofol, a novel intravenous anesthetic with GABAA affinity akin to propofol, lacks characterized electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillation profiles during anesthesia.

methodsThis prospective observational study included 54 patients undergoing surgery, divided into two groups: 30 adults (18-64 years) and 24 elderly (≥ 65 years). The EEG monitor recorded frontal region EEG, and we analyzed spectral power, wavelet coherence, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) across various states.

resultsIn the awake state, the spectral analysis power, wavelet coherence, and PAC were similar between the patient groups. Under anesthesia, both groups exhibited dominant slow oscillation (SO) and alpha oscillations, but the elderly group showed significantly lower alpha power (adult 4.367 [1.492-6.059] vs. elderly 1.729 [- 2.340-4.096], P < 0.001) and wavelet coherence (adult 0.0375 [0.0092-0.0935] vs. elderly 0.0073 [0.0030-0.0235], P = 0.041) compared to the adult group. During the recovery period, the restoration of beta/gamma activity and the increase in the intensity of the SO-alpha modulation index (MI) indicated a gradual recovery of consciousness. Frontal alpha power showed age dependency under ciprofol-maintained general anesthesia. Alpha-band wavelet coherence and the SO-alpha MI exhibited no significant age dependence, and the PAC pattern weakened with age.

conclusionThis study characterizes the EEG neural oscillation dynamics during ciprofol-induced general anesthesia. Despite the physiological decline in spectral power associated with increasing age, wavelet coherence and PAC demonstrate remarkable stability across different age cohorts. These findings support their potential as reliable, age-independent biomarkers for monitoring the depth of anesthesia.

Indexed as

Anesthesia, GeneralAnesthetics, IntravenousElectroencephalographyAdolescentAdultAgedCyclopropanesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesYoung Adult(2-(1R)-1-cyclopropyl)ethyl-6-isopropyl-phenolAnesthetics, IntravenousCyclopropanesCiprofolElectroencephalogramNeural oscillationsPhase–amplitude couplingSpectral analysisWavelet coherence

Identifiers

PMID41665662

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.