ArticleJournal of virology2026
The magnitude and durability of neutralizing antibody responses to human papillomavirus vaccine do not depend on DNA sensing pathways.
Article in Journal of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
How human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines elicit robust and enduring neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses is unknown, yet such information is valuable to vaccinology. In addition to the major capsid protein, L1, the 4-valent HPV vaccine reportedly also contains recombinant L1 DNA. Nucleic acids in vaccines enhance antibody responses and are employed as adjuvants, but whether L1 DNA enhances HPV vaccine antibody responses is understudied. We tested whether 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine lots contained L1 DNA and if peak or long-term 9vHPV vaccine-elicited nAb responses were dependent on DNA sensors Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), AIM2, or cGAS or on STING or MyD88, the adaptors for cGAS and TLR9. To quantify L1 DNA, we extracted total nucleic acid per 9vHPV dose and applied quantitative PCR to amplify HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 L1 sequences. Wild-type mice (C57BL/6J) or mice deficient in DNA sensing pathways (TLR9
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