Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41664849›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in nephrology and hypertension2026

Virtual bone biopsy: time-lapse high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography provides noninvasive comprehensive skeletal assessment.

Minhao Zhou, Thomas L Nickolas, Joachim H Ix, Galateia J Kazakia

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Minhao ZhouDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Thomas L NickolasDivision of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
Joachim H IxDivision of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego.
Galateia J KazakiaDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Funding

Skeletal Biology and Biomechanics (SBB) CoreP30AR075055 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Wenhan Chang · 2019 to 2026
$7.1M
NonInvasive Virtual Biopsy for Determining Bone Turnover in Chronic Kidney DiseaseR01AR084815 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Joachim H Ix, GALATEIA J KAZAKIA · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
High Resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT) in vivo human scanner, Scanco Medical AG.S10OD021803 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KAZAKIA, GALATEIA J · 2019 to 2019
$237k
NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR075055NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR084815NIH HHS S10 OD021803
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewSkeletal complications are a pressing concern across prevalent chronic endocrine and cardiovascular conditions. Patient-specific skeletal assessment encompassing bone remodeling dynamics, density, geometry, microarchitecture, and strength are essential for elucidating underlying pathogenesis and informing treatment strategies. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) accurately assesses three-dimensional bone density, geometry, microarchitecture, and strength in vivo. Time-lapse analysis enables noninvasive investigations into dynamic bone remodeling processes by longitudinally tracking voxel-level bone gain and loss. Integrating time-lapse analysis with HR-pQCT ('time-lapse HR-pQCT') provides a comprehensive skeletal assessment - virtual bone biopsy - that is accessible, noninvasive, and reliable. RECENT

findingsTime-lapse analysis was validated for in vivo skeletal assessment in microCT-based preclinical studies two decades ago. Recently, clinical time-lapse HR-pQCT research has demonstrated its feasibility in assessing bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease, and in characterizing spatial mapping of long-term bone gain/loss in response to bone-targeted drugs, mechanical loading, and disease/injury. Nevertheless, future challenges remain, including validation against bone biopsy with quantitative histomorphometry, comparisons to established circulating bone turnover biomarkers, and adaptation for pediatric populations. SUMMARY: Time-lapse HR-pQCT is a skeletal assessment capable of evaluating and longitudinally monitoring changes in bone remodeling dynamics, density, geometry, microarchitecture, and biomechanics. We advocate for its broader implementation, provided that rigorous validation and ongoing methodological optimization are ensured.

Indexed as

Bone and BonesBone RemodelingTime-Lapse ImagingTomography, X-Ray ComputedAnimalsBiopsyBone DensityHumansPredictive Value of TestsTime Factorsbone qualitybone remodelingbone turnoverhigh-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographytime-lapse imaging

Identifiers

PMID41664849
PMCPMC13118230

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.