SynthesisAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2026
Air Pollution and the Risk and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAir pollution has been linked to several neurological conditions, including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence regarding its association with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains conflicting, limited by small sample sizes.
methodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane controlled register of trials (CENTRAL) were searched on September 9, 2025 without any language or time restrictions. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that evaluated the association between exposure to air pollutants and MS development or severity. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled as effect estimates using the fixed or random effects model. Exposures included PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO
resultsTwenty-two studies comprising 16,585,206 participants were included. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07-1.38), PM10 (HR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.42), and CO (HR = 3.85; 95% CI: 1.34-11.08) were associated with increased MS risk. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 (HR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.43), PM10 (HR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.45), NO
interpretationLong-term air pollution exposure was associated with higher MS risk, and short-term exposure with greater disease severity. Reducing air pollution may be a key strategy to protect brain health in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.