Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41664191›Full record

Trial reportBMC oral health2026

Influence of sport mouth-formed type mouthguards on saliva secretion and composition during jaw activity: a pilot study.

K E van Vliet, F Lobbezoo, A P van Splunter, J de Lange, H S Brand

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

K E van VlietDept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands. k.e.vanvliet@amsterdamumc.nl.
F LobbezooDept. of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, the Netherlands.
A P van SplunterDept. of Oral Biochemistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, the Netherlands.
J de LangeDept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.
H S BrandDept. of Oral Biochemistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe hypothesized that wearing a mouthguard may affect salivary flow and composition. Therefore, we investigated the impact of mouthguard use on saliva secretion rate and some salivary constituents under different jaw activities.

methodsThis was a randomized crossover experimental study including 13 volunteers. Saliva samples of the volunteers were collected and analysed in four different experimental conditions: without mouthguard with relaxed jaw (RJ), without mouthguard after repetitive jaw contractions (JC), with mouthguard with relaxed jaw (MG-RJ) and with mouthguard after repetitive jaw contractions (MG-JC).

resultsSaliva secretion rate was significantly higher in the condition MG-JC compared to all other conditions (P < 0.01). Total protein concentration and Mucin 5B (MUC5B) levels in saliva did not differ significantly between the four experimental conditions. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations were significantly lower in the condition MG-JC compared to all other conditions (P < 0.01).

conclusionMouthguards increase saliva flow rate, compared to not wearing a mouthguard, and jaw contractions enhance this effect compared to a relaxed jaw. Wearing a mouthguard during active jaw activity reduced the concentration of salivary IgA.

Indexed as

Mouth ProtectorsSalivaSalivationAdultCross-Over StudiesFemaleHumansJawMaleMucin-5BPilot ProjectsSalivary Proteins and PeptidesSportsYoung AdultMucin-5BSalivary Proteins and PeptidesJaw activityMouthguardsSalivary compositionSaliva secretion rate

Identifiers

PMID41664191
PMCPMC12990580

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.