Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41664140›Full record

ArticleCancer cell international2026

Controlled-release nanoparticle of toll-like receptors-7/8 agonist enhances immune activation and inhibits gastric cancer in a preclinical mouse model.

Hyun Myong Kim, Kyoungyun Jeong, Juhee Jeong, Seung Mo Jin, Jaeun Yoo, Yie-Ri Yoo, Ji-Yeon Shin, Do Joong Park, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Han-Kwang Yang and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer cell international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Hyun Myong KimCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Kyoungyun JeongCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Juhee JeongDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seung Mo JinSKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
Jaeun YooCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Yie-Ri YooCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Ji-Yeon ShinCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Do Joong ParkCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Hyuk-Joon LeeCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Han-Kwang YangCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Hye Seung LeeCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Do-Youn OhCancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Yong Taik LimSKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
Keehoon Jung *Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. keehoon.jung@snu.ac.kr.
Seong-Ho Kong *Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. shkong@vitcal.com.

Funding

AI-Bio Research Grant through Seoul National University, the NAVER Corporation No. 3720230110Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT NRF-2021M3A9I4026318National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2023-00208004Seoul National University No. 800-20220113Seoul National University Hospital No. 0320233070
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTLR-7/8 agonists are potent immunostimulators that can promote tumoricidal immune cell activities. However, the systemic side effects of these agents have limited their clinical application. To address this, we developed K-nanoadjuvant, which consists of nanoparticles that encapsulate a TLR-3 agonist and slowly release a TLR-7/8 agonist. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of K-nanoadjuvant in a newly developed preclinical mouse model of gastric cancer that was generated with triple-conditional (Tcon) gastric cancer cells.

methodsThe Tcon gastric cancer cell line was derived from the spontaneous gastric cancers that developed in mice whose gastric parietal-cell lineage cells had been genetically engineered to bear activated Kras and lack E-cadherin and p53. Tumors were generated in syngeneic mice by subcutaneous injection of Tcon cells into the flank. The tumors were then injected with K-nanoadjuvant and/or the mice were injected intraperitoneally with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU. Tumor size and body weight were monitored to assess efficacy and safety, respectively. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunohistochemistry were conducted on the tumors to assess the intratumoral immune status.

resultsK-nanoadjuvant significantly inhibited tumor growth without inducing weight loss or any notable side effects. 5-FU was relatively ineffective and had only a mild additive effect when it was combined with K-nanoadjuvant. Immune profiling showed that K-nanoadjuvant generated a favorable M1/M2 macrophage ratio and increased CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration, IFN-γ production, and NK cell recruitment. K-nanoadjuvant treatment alone also effectively reduced lymph node metastasis and suppressed untreated distant Tcon tumors.

conclusionK-nanoadjuvant, a controlled-release TLR-7/8 drug delivery system, demonstrated significant anti-tumor efficacy and low toxicity in a preclinical mouse model of gastric cancer. Thus, K-nanoadjuvant may have potential as a gastric cancer immunotherapy.

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyNanoparticles; TLR agonistStomach neoplasms

Identifiers

PMID41664140
PMCPMC12997832

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.