ArticleBMC geriatrics2026
Effect of a multi-component exercise training program based on the trans-theoretical model on health-related physical fitness among rural older adults living alone: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHealth-related physical fitness among rural older adults is a global public health problem. Living alone is the predominant residential manner for older rural residents of China. How to promote the health-related physical fitness of rural older adults remains unclear.
objectiveThis program aims to construct a multi-component exercise (MCE) training program based on the trans-theoretical model (TTM) and to assess its initial impact on health-related physical fitness among rural older adults living alone.
methodsIn a randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, parallel-arm trial in Zhejiang, China, participants will enroll 72 rural older adults living alone (intervention group = 36, control group = 36) from two rural communities. The intervention group will receive 26 weeks of multi-component exercise training based on the trans-theoretical model (TTM-MCE), and the control group will receive exercise health education. Using health-related physical fitness measurement scales, exercise benefit and barriers scales, and various functional assessments. Outcomes will be evaluated at baseline (T0), 14 weeks (T1), 18 weeks (T2), and 26 weeks (T3) post-intervention. DISCUSSION: This manuscript is the first to discuss the health-related physical fitness of older adults living alone in rural China as the research point and discusses the research design paradigm, theoretical framework, and intervention content. The study protocol combined the trans-theoretical model with multi-component exercise to develop a multi-component exercise intervention program based on the health-related physical fitness of older adults living alone in rural areas. The specific application of the trans-theoretical model in implementing multi-component exercise programs provides scientific guidance for the practical implementation of these programs among older adults living alone in rural areas.
trial registrationChiCTR240008337, 04/23/2024.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.