Epidemiology, Work-Up, and Management of Common Track and Field Injuries.

purpose of reviewTrack and field is one of the most widely played sports worldwide, encompassing a variety of events across different age groups. Injury is extremely common, with data suggesting that up to 2/3 of track and field athletes will sustain an injury in any given season. In this review, we provide an overview of common track and field injuries, including their incidence, workup, management considerations, and return-to-play protocols. RECENT

findingsTrack and field athletes experience a wide range of injuries, depending on the event in which they participate, as well as predisposing demographic factors. Such injuries range from catastrophic cervical and head injuries experienced by pole vaulters to shoulder and elbow injuries seen in javelin throwers, and stress fractures and lower extremity muscle strain seen in sprinters and jumpers. The workup of any patient with a suspected injury begins with an appropriate physical examination, followed by advanced imaging, with MRI commonly used to assess for stress fractures and muscle strains. Treatment is individualized based on the patient, with appropriate treatments ranging from non-operative care, including physical therapy and mitigation of baseline factors, to operative intervention for severe injuries. Return-to-play decisions are multifactorial, involving input from athletes, coaches, trainers, and orthopedic surgeons. They commonly utilize functional testing, strength measurements, and imaging evidence of interval healing, with a gradual return to play as tolerated. As track and field continues to evolve with increased year-round performance and higher stress placed on athletes, it is of paramount importance for athletes to undergo appropriate workups and optimization. By understanding the epidemiology, workup, prognostication, and treatment of common track and field injuries, sports medicine physicians may optimize outcomes and improve performance for their athletes.