ArticleSurgical endoscopy2026
Clinical practice of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in robotic liver surgery - a global expert survey.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Robotic versus open hepatectomy for IWATE expert-level liver resection: a risk-adjusted comparative study.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- ASO Author Reflections: Preserving the Liver, Not Just Minimizing the Incision.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Robotic Resection of Large Central Hepatic Tumor: Technique of Juxta-Hilar Tumor Dissection Off Anterior Glissonean Pedicle Sheath.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided intraoperative biliary mapping during pediatric laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection: a standardized operative approach.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is increasingly incorporated into robotic liver resections (RLR), yet clinical practice regarding timing, dosage, and staining techniques is divergent. This international expert survey aimed to characterize current practices for ICG in RLR.
methodsExperts in RLR were invited to participate based on surgical volume (experience of
resultsSeventy experts from 19 countries completed the survey, corresponding to an 88% response rate. Centers performed a median of 180 annual liver resections, including 55 RLR. Most experts used ICG (96%) during RLR. Anatomical demarcation (91%), tumor localization (60%), and biliary anatomy assessment (60%) were the most frequent indications. 60% of experts use preoperative ICG, while intraoperative ICG is mainly administered for demarcation (67%) and biliary tract visualization (40%). Considerable heterogeneity exists in dosage, timing, and staining techniques, particularly in cirrhotic livers and for tumor localization. 53% of the experts had standard operating procedures, whereas 64% expressed the need for a higher degree of standardization. Reported benefits of ICG use included improved anatomical orientation, margin assessment, lesion detection, and support during complex resections. Perceived limitations included background fluorescence, tissue penetration and variable staining in diseased parenchyma. 80% anticipated improved outcomes with combined ICG and three-dimensional image-guidance.
conclusionICG fluorescence is widely used in RLR and is an important cornerstone for precision-guided robotic liver surgery. Standardized clinical practice guidelines, structured training, and technological improvements in imaging and navigation systems are claimed to optimize its clinical use.
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Registered trials
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