ArticleScientific reports2026
Organic mulching enhances Morpho-Physiological performance and yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under water deficit conditions.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of organic mulches as a sustainable strategy to mitigate water deficit stress in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). A field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three irrigation regimes-no stress (Irr100, 100% field capacity (FC)), mild stress (Irr80, 80% FC), and severe stress (Irr60, 60% FC)-and four mulch treatments (straw, biochar, vermicompost, and an unmulched control). Severe water stress (Irr60) reduced grain yield and oil yield by 48% and 54%, respectively, compared with optimal irrigation (Irr100). Organic mulching significantly alleviated these losses, with biochar consistently outperforming the other treatments. Under optimal irrigation, biochar increased grain yield by 170% relative to the control, and this advantage increased to 188% under severe stress. Biochar also produced the highest 100-grain weight (0.25 g) and improved oil quality by increasing oleic acid content to 50.28%. Mulch application enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance, as indicated by increased relative water content (up to 26% with straw under Irr100), chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) under stress. In addition, biochar-treated plants under severe stress showed the greatest accumulation of osmolytes, including proline (55%) and total phenolics (42%). Overall, biochar was the most effective mulch for enhancing physiological resilience, yield, and oil quality in sesame grown under water-limited conditions, highlighting its potential as a practical management strategy for sustainable sesame production in water-scarce environments.
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