ArticleScientific reports2026
AI based decision-making system for tooling design of aircraft product assembly with developed knowledge retrieval algorithm.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
This research develops a decision-making system for aircraft wing-spar tooling design that employs ontology-based Knowledge Retrieval Practices (KRP) to reduce search effort, improve traceability, and deliver decision-ready guidance. This research formalized a domain ontology, encode rule-based constraints, and structure case libraries, then introduce a query-information model that maps natural-language questions to machine-interpretable intents. The system orchestrates three retrieval modes, including ontology based semantic (OBS), rule-based inference (RBI), and case-based reasoning instances (CBRI), within a five-layer browser and server platform integrated with Product Development Management (PDM)/ Computer Aided Design (CAD). Evaluation spans twenty decision-like tasks, graded tooling corpora (100-420 documents), and a domain-agnostic stress test. The system achieved mean task-level accuracy of 93.1%, with the hybrid OBS+RBI+CBRI configuration reaching 96.9% confidence. Document-level accuracy was 98-99% on the tooling corpora, and the stress test showed small but consistent gains over traditional retrieval. OBS excelled for conceptual and attribute queries; RBI for computable dimensioning and sequencing; and CBRI for structural analogies and fine adjustments. Precision declined for legacy materials lacking ontology tags or using obsolete terminology, motivating retro-tagging and synonym expansion. Practically, it delivers a deployable KRP platform with role-based governance and enterprise interfaces, offering explainable, decision-ready guidance for complex assembly tasks. The study provides actionable guidance on when to use each retrieval strategy and establishes a reproducible evaluation protocol, laying the groundwork for longitudinal impact studies and public benchmarks in aerospace knowledge management. Limitations include the domain focus and reliance on curated corpora; these inform the roadmap for broader validation.
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