SynthesisScientific reports2026
Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep in patients with critical illness: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Recent Evidence on Factors and Potential Interventions Affecting Patient Sleep in Inpatient and Hospital Settings.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adequate sleep is vital for recovery in patients with critical illness, yet sleep in intensive care units (ICUs) is widely disrupted. Although various non-pharmacological strategies have been proposed, evidence remains inconsistent, and the most effective intervention for improving ICU sleep has not been clearly established. In this review, we evaluated the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sleep promotion and identified the most effective strategies for improving sleep quality among ICU patients. Studies implementing non-pharmacological sleep-promoting interventions and evaluating sleep quality in ICU patients were identified using MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251184156). Thirty-six studies encompassing 16 intervention types were included. A Bayesian network meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements for aromatherapy, eye mask, eye mask and earplugs, music therapy, and multicomponent intervention compared with control groups. Surface under the cumulative ranking curves indicated that music therapy (94.9%) had the highest probability of being the most effective intervention, followed by aromatherapy (76.2%). These interventions may improve sleep by reducing environmental disturbances and stabilizing autonomic and neurotransmitter activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.