Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41663466›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

A dataset collected in real-world industrial control systems for network attack detection.

Xun Zhou, Zihao Cheng, Chenyu Wang, Shen Wang, Chengxi Tao, Zhengyan Zhou, Xiang Chen, Jiayu Luo, Di Wang, Haifeng Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xun ZhouCollege of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-7026-107X
Zihao ChengCollege of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Chenyu WangCollege of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Shen WangCollege of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Chengxi TaoCollege of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Zhengyan ZhouCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Xiang ChenCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Jiayu LuoPolytechnic Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Di WangCollege of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
Haifeng ZhouCollege of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China. zhouhaifeng@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the context of Industry 4.0, Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are undergoing a significant transition from physical isolation to partial openness. While this shift enhances operational efficiency and integration, it also exposes ICSs to increasing network attacks. Effective intrusion detection methods rely on high-quality ICS datasets, yet existing options remain limited in scope, diversity, and realism. To address this gap, we introduce ICS-NAD, a dataset collected in real-world ICS scenarios with three well-known ICS brands. It contains two attack traffic sample patterns and covers 20 common ICS attack types. Through feature extraction and labeling, the ICS-NAD dataset provides 60 features with complete labels. We validate its utility using 10 machine learning and deep learning classification models. The dataset comprises 245.96 GB data files, including raw ICS network traffic (in PCAP format) and extracted features with labels (in CSV format). It is publicly available on the website to support ICS network attack detection research in academic and engineering contexts.

Identifiers

PMID41663466
PMCPMC12996622

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.