Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41663402›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy reveals assembly and nanostructure of PEDOT:PSS.

Masoud Ghasemi, Louis Y Kirkley, Farshad Nazari, Mohammed K R Aldahdooh, Joshua T Del Mundo, Dhruv Gamdha, Yi-Chen Lan, Po-Hao Lai, Sung Hyun Cho, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Masoud GhasemiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-5050
Louis Y KirkleyDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-0128
Farshad NazariDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Mohammed K R AldahdoohDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Joshua T Del MundoDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Dhruv GamdhaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-0690
Yi-Chen LanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Po-Hao LaiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-0887-112X
Sung Hyun ChoHuck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Baskar GanapathysubramanianDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-4852
Esther W GomezDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-013X
Enrique D GomezDepartment of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. edg12@psu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-4480

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-1905550United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N00014-19-1-2453U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NIH Office of the Director (OD) S10OD026822-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soft and conducting organic materials are ideal candidates for stretchable bioelectronics and wearable devices. Despite recent advances, our understanding of conducting polymer nanostructures and how they arise remains incomplete, given the limited high-resolution studies and molecular-level descriptions of these systems. Here, we employ cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to investigate the evolution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) morphology in solution and the resulting solid state structure in the presence of ionic and molecular additives. Our results reveal the formation of heterostructural elongated fibers consisting of PEDOT:PSS micelles in solution. Cryo-EM further reveals that additives increase the number of fibrils, in addition to inducing the formation of crystalline domains. We observe that fibril and crystalline phases in solutions act as a template for the growth of these nanostructures in the solid state. Furthermore, exploiting cryo-EM reveals the role of solid-liquid interactions in PEDOT:PSS through the imaging of PEDOT:PSS nanostructures after the hydration of thin films. Hydration leads to the swelling of heterostructural fibers while reducing the crystalline domain size. Such behavior explains the mechanical robustness of PEDOT:PSS thin films processed with various additives as well as the high electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS in applications such as organic electorchemical transistors.

Identifiers

PMID41663402
PMCPMC13000171

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.