ArticleNature communications2026
Vaccination against H5 HP avian influenza virus leads to persistent immune response in wild king penguins.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Dispersal, adaptation and persistence of H5N1 in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctica.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Caused Mass Death Among Black-Legged Kittiwakes (Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Since 2021, the panzootic nature of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) represents an increasing threat to wild vertebrate populations. In this context, recent vaccines developed for poultry could provide tools for the conservation of wild endangered birds populations. The king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), a long-lived seabird breeding in dense colonies with an extended chick-rearing period, has been identified as a possible surrogate species for a vaccination trial in a sub-Antarctic natural setting. Here we investigate the immune response of king penguin chicks to a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine against a H5 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b protein. The cohort entails thirty vaccinated chicks (primo- and boost-injections), and 20 unvaccinated controls. Along 250 days of monitoring, the vaccinated chicks show a high and persistent immune response, granting a strong sero-neutralisation capacity against the virus, up to fledging. No adverse effects are observed. Screening for antibodies against unspecific avian influenza viruses suggests that no natural infection has occurred over the entire trial. The emergence of HPAI in the Southern Indian Ocean in October 2024 highlights the timeliness of such experimental tests. Our results thus show the vaccine could provide a potentially powerful tool for mitigation of avian flu outbreaks in the wild.
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