ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2026
Associations of Schistosoma mansoni Infection, Latent Tuberculosis, Host Interferon-γ Concentrations, and Praziquantel Treatment in Tanzanian Adults.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and Schistosoma mansoni are common in Africa, and helminth-induced immunomodulation may affect LTBI detection. This study aimed to assess whether S. mansoni infection affects LTBI detection by the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay and alters serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentrations in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens at baseline and after 1 year, during which participants with S. mansoni infection received praziquantel treatment. At baseline, 65 individuals with schistosome infection had lower average IFN-γ concentrations in TB1-stimulated QFT-Plus supernatants compared with 83 uninfected individuals (10.4 versus 51.9 pg/mL, P = 0.038). Although not statistically significant, QFT-Plus test positivity rate was unexpectedly slightly higher among adults with schistosome infection at baseline (26.2% versus 18.1%, P = 0.24). The incidence over 12 months was higher posttreatment in participants initially infected with S. mansoni compared with those uninfected (13.9% [n = 5/36] versus 4.2% [n = 2/48], P = 0.13). By 12 months, IFN-γ concentrations were comparable between the two groups (53.8 versus 33.5 pg/mL, respectively, P = 0.56). Individuals who cleared S. mansoni infection experienced a nearly 12-fold increase in IFN-γ levels relative to those who remained uninfected, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.17). In conclusion, baseline S. mansoni infection was associated with suppressed IFN-γ responses to Mtb antigens, suggesting helminth-induced immune dampening. Praziquantel treatment may partially restore TB-specific immune responses and facilitate LTBI detection. These findings highlight the potential role of S. mansoni as a critical cofactor affecting LTBI diagnosis in schistosomiasis-endemic regions.
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