ArticlePloS one2026
Disability level and visibility: Associations with unmet academic accommodation needs and attitudes toward requesting accommodations.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
PURPOSE/
objectiveDespite legal mandates to provide appropriate accommodations for students with disabilities in the U.S., many report gaps between what they need and receive. This study examined the role of disability level, visibility, and demographic factors in predicting unmet academic accommodation needs and attitudes toward requesting accommodations. RESEARCH METHOD/
designA sample of 409 adults who had had disabilities during their school years and who still had them completed an online survey assessing their current disability level, current disability visibility (invisible, semi-visible, or visible), unmet academic accommodation needs across all levels of schooling in aggregate, and current attitudes toward requesting academic accommodations.
resultsIndividuals with invisible disabilities in comparison to those with semi-visible or visible disabilities reported unmet needs for having a quiet or sensory room, extended time to take tests and exams, sensory objects (e.g., fidget toys), and an Individualized Education Plan. However, those with visible and semi-visible disabilities reported unmet need for having an educational assistant or tutor, recording equipment or a portable notetaking device, a modified or adapted course curriculum, and a computer, laptop or tablet with specialized software or apps. After controlling for disability severity and demographic variables, individuals with more visible disabilities had lower unmet academic accommodation needs compared to those with an invisible disability, as well as more positive attitudes toward requesting accommodations. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: Assisting students with disabilities-especially those with invisible disabilities-may enhance disabled students' experience of academic accommodations and empower them to advocate when those needs are unmet.
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