Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41661951›Full record

ArticlePLOS mental health2025

A cross-sectional study examining generalized anxiety disorder among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Skylar A Martin, Dalau Mukadi Nkamba, Nicole A Hoff, Sydney Merritt, Megan Halbrook, Sylvia Tangney, Nick Ida, Gloire Mbaka Onya, Armand Mutwadi, Kamy Musene and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in PLOS mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Skylar A MartinDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5981-7317
Dalau Mukadi NkambaKinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Nicole A HoffDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Sydney MerrittDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-605X
Megan HalbrookDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-2655
Sylvia TangneyDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Nick IdaDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Gloire Mbaka OnyaMalaria Elimination Initiative/IGHS, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Armand MutwadiKinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9742-8091
Kamy MuseneDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Christophe LuhataExpanded Program for Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Didine KabaKinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3582-5147
Anne W RimoinDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-9067

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mental health resilience during outbreaks within insecure regions, and the subsequent mental health toll on healthcare workers (HCW), remains a largely unstudied and minimally understood phenomenon. This study examined generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among healthcare workers (HCWs) and community members in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a primary focus on the relationship between regional insecurity and GAD. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 5,622 participants across all 26 DRC provinces collected between February and September 2022. GAD was measured using the GAD-7 screening tool. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between mild to severe anxiety (GAD score >5) and participant characteristics, including region, housing, and vaccination status. Mild to severe anxiety was identified in 4% of participants. No significant association was found between residence in insecure regions and anxiety. However, being vaccinated against COVID-19 (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and having stable housing (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05-0.32) were significantly protective. While regional insecurity was not associated with anxiety in this analysis, access to vaccination and housing emerged as key protective factors. These findings highlight urgent directions for intervention and further research on mental health resilience in crisis settings.

Identifiers

PMID41661951
PMCPMC12798435

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