ArticlePLOS mental health2024
Age-at-migration, ethnicity and psychosis risk: Findings from the EU-GEI case-control study.
Article in PLOS mental health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brazilian higher education system at the crossroads: the undergraduate student mental health crisis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- How do immigration background, racism, socioeconomic circumstances and gender intersect to influence adolescent mental well-being? A longitudinal MAIHDA analysis of the multiethnic DASH cohort in London, UK.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Graph Neural Networks and Multimodal DTI Features for Schizophrenia Classification: Insights from Brain Network Analysis and Gene Expression.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Cognitive presentation at psychosis onset through premorbid deterioration and exposure to environmental risk factors.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
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Abstract
Several studies have highlighted increased psychosis risk in migrant and minority ethnic populations. Migration before age 18 appears to increase risk, but further evidence is required. We investigated this issue in a European case-control study. We hypothesized that migration during two key socio-developmental periods, childhood and adolescence, would be most strongly associated with increased odds of psychosis, and that this would be more pronounced for racialised minorities. We used data from five countries in the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions [EU-GEI] study. We examined the association between migration in infancy (0-4 years), childhood (5-10 years), adolescence (11-17 years) or adulthood (18+ years) and first episode psychotic disorder. We fitted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] for associations between age-at-migration and psychosis. In stratified models, we also examined whether these associations varied by ethnicity. The sample consisted of 937 cases and 1,195 controls. Migration at all ages, including infancy (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.01-4.10), childhood (OR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.04-4.14), adolescence (OR: 3.26, 95%CI: 1.89-5.63) and adulthood (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.21-2.41), was associated with increased odds of psychosis compared with the white majority non-migrant group, after adjustment for all confounders except ethnoracial identity. After additional adjustment for ethnoracial identity, only migration during adolescence remained associated with psychosis (OR 1.94, 95%CI: 1.11-3.36). In stratified analyses, migration during adolescence was associated with increased odds of psychosis in Black (OR: 6.52, 95%CI: 3.00-14.20) and North African (OR: 16.43, 95%CI: 1.88-143.51) groups.Migration during adolescence increased psychosis risk, particularly in racially minoritised young people. This suggests that development of interventions for minoritised young migrants that alleviate stressors associated with migration and acculturation are warranted.
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