ArticlePLOS mental health2025
Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of probable depression and anxiety symptoms in Mozambique: A secondary data analysis.
Article in PLOS mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interconnected Challenges: Examining the Impact of Poverty, Disability, and Mental Health on Refugees and Host Communities in Northern Mozambique.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes among ever-married women in Mozambique.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Determinants of Antidepressant Adherence Among Hungarian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
There is limited research at the national level in Mozambique that examines the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety. Therefore our study examined the prevalence and correlates of probable depression and anxiety symptoms among women and men in the country. We used the 2022-23 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey, specifically drawing on some socio-demographic and mental health variables measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and applied multivariate logistic regression analysis. Our findings revealed high levels of depression and anxiety, that is, 10% (95% CI = 9%-12%) and 11% (95% CI = 10%-12%), respectively, for women. Among women, those from the poorer (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.97; aOR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.91), middle (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.88, 0.81; aOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.83), richer (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.94; aOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.91) and richest households (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.65; aOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.27, 0.67) were all less likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Furthermore, the employed (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.80; aOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55, 0.83) had a reduced probability of indicating they had depression and anxiety, respectively. Among men, 2% (95% CI = 2%-3%) reported depression and anxiety. While men with secondary-level educational attainment (aOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.19, 8.62) were more likely to report symptoms of depression, this was not the case for anxiety where those with no education (aOR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.78) and primary education (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.80) were all less likely to report anxiety disorders compared to their colleagues with the highest level of educational attainment. Finally, men in rural areas (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.74) relative to their urban counterparts were less likely to report depression although this was not significant for anxiety disorders. Mental health policy in Mozambique needs to pay critical attention to groups such as older age cohorts, the formerly married, Muslim women and people with lower socioeconomic status.
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